EC Crouch, A Persson, GL Griffin, D Chang and RM Senior
Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is believed to contribute to nonimmune host defense within the alveoli and distal airways of the lung. SP-D molecules can bind to specific carbohydrates on the surface of bacterial, fungal, and viral organisms and can also interact with membrane glycoconjugates expressed by alveolar macrophages. Because neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes are recruited into the airspaces in association with many types of infection or lung injury, we examined the interactions of these cells with purified natural and recombinant SP-Ds, using a modified Boyden chamber assay and checkerboard analysis. Natural or recombinant rat SP-D (approximately 10(-9) to 10(-13) M) showed dose-dependent effects on human PMN and monocyte migration with a maximal response at a SP-D concentration of 5 ng/ml (approximately 10(-11) M). The migratory response was comparable to that obtained with the optimum concentration of FMLP (10(-8) M). HL-60 cells, after induction of differentiation with DMSO, responded to SP-D with the same dose-response as neutrophils. The effects of SP-D were abrogated by the simultaneous addition of SP-D to the upper chamber or by the addition of antibodies to the carboxy-terminal lectin domain. Migration toward SP-D was markedly inhibited (< 10% of controls) by 10 mM maltose but was not significantly inhibited by to 50 mM lactose. These studies establish that SP-D can bind to specific sites on neutrophils and monocytes and strongly suggest that these interactions involve the saccharide binding domains of SP-D.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. Jain, E. N. Atochina-Vasserman, Y. Tomer, H. Kadire, and M. F. Beers Surfactant Protein D Protects against Acute Hyperoxic Lung Injury Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 15, 2008; 178(8): 805 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. D. Sin, P. S. Pahlavan, and S.F. P. Man Review: Surfactant protein D: A lung specific biomarker in COPD? Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, April 1, 2008; 2(2): 65 - 74. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. Brauer, C. Kindler, K. Jager, S. Sel, B. Nolle, U. Pleyer, M. Ochs, and F. P. Paulsen Detection of Surfactant Proteins A and D in Human Tear Fluid and the Human Lacrimal System Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2007; 48(9): 3945 - 3953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Jain, E. Atochina-Vasserman, H. Kadire, Y. Tomer, A. Inch, P. Scott, R. C. Savani, A. J. Gow, and M. F. Beers SP-D-deficient mice are resistant to hyperoxia Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): L861 - L871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Senft, T. R. Korfhagen, J. A. Whitsett, and A. M. LeVine Surfactant protein D regulates the cell surface expression of alveolar macrophage beta2-integrins Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 2007; 292(2): L469 - L475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. C. Malherbe, V. J. Erpenbeck, S. N. Abraham, E. C. Crouch, J. M. Hohlfeld, and J. R. Wright Surfactant protein D decreases pollen-induced IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): L856 - L866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. van de Wetering, A. van Remoortere, A. B. Vaandrager, J. J. Batenburg, L. M. G. van Golde, C. H. Hokke, and J. J. van Hellemond Surfactant Protein D Binding to Terminal {alpha}1-3-Linked Fucose Residues and to Schistosoma mansoni Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., November 1, 2004; 31(5): 565 - 572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Dave, T. Childs, and J. A. Whitsett Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Regulates Transcription of the Surfactant Protein D Gene (Sftpd) via Direct Interaction with Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 in Lung Epithelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 13, 2004; 279(33): 34578 - 34588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. O. Hirche, E. C. Crouch, M. Espinola, T. J. Brokelman, R. P. Mecham, N. DeSilva, J. Cooley, E. Remold-O'Donnell, and A. Belaaouaj Neutrophil Serine Proteinases Inactivate Surfactant Protein D by Cleaving within a Conserved Subregion of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain J. Biol. Chem., June 25, 2004; 279(26): 27688 - 27698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. N. Atochina, M. F. Beers, S. Hawgood, F. Poulain, C. Davis, T. Fusaro, and A. J. Gow Surfactant Protein-D, a Mediator of Innate Lung Immunity, Alters the Products of Nitric Oxide Metabolism Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., March 1, 2004; 30(3): 271 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H Clark and K Reid The potential of recombinant surfactant protein D therapy to reduce inflammation in neonatal chronic lung disease, cystic fibrosis, and emphysema Arch. Dis. Child., November 1, 2003; 88(11): 981 - 984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. van Eijk, M. R. White, E. C. Crouch, J. J. Batenburg, A. B. Vaandrager, L. M. G. van Golde, H. P. Haagsman, and K. L. Hartshorn Porcine Pulmonary Collectins Show Distinct Interactions with Influenza A Viruses: Role of the N-Linked Oligosaccharides in the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain J. Immunol., August 1, 2003; 171(3): 1431 - 1440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. L. Schagat, J. A. Wofford, K. E. Greene, and J. R. Wright Surfactant protein A differentially regulates peripheral and inflammatory neutrophil chemotaxis Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 2003; 284(1): L140 - L147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Fisher, J. Larson, C. Cool, and S. W. Dow Lymphocyte Activation in the Lungs of SP-D Null Mice Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., July 1, 2002; 27(1): 24 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Stahlman, M. E. Gray, W. M. Hull, and J. A. Whitsett Immunolocalization of Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D) in Human Fetal, Newborn, and Adult Tissues J. Histochem. Cytochem., May 1, 2002; 50(5): 651 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. G. Brinker, E. Martin, P. Borron, E. Mostaghel, C. Doyle, C. V. Harding, and J. R. Wright Surfactant protein D enhances bacterial antigen presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): L1453 - L1463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Wright, P. Borron, K. G. Brinker, and R. J. Folz Surfactant Protein A . Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Lung Inflammation Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., May 1, 2001; 24(5): 513 - 517. [Full Text]

				J. Freek van Iwaarden, E. Claassen, S. H. M. Jeurissen, H. P. Haagsman, and G. Kraal Alveolar Macrophages, Surfactant Lipids, and Surfactant Protein B Regulate the Induction of Immune Responses via the Airways Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., April 1, 2001; 24(4): 452 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. M. LeVine, J. A. Whitsett, J. A. Gwozdz, T. R. Richardson, J. H. Fisher, M. S. Burhans, and T. R. Korfhagen Distinct Effects of Surfactant Protein A or D Deficiency During Bacterial Infection on the Lung J. Immunol., October 1, 2000; 165(7): 3934 - 3940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Madsen, A. Kliem, I. Tornoe, K. Skjodt, C. Koch, and U. Holmskov Localization of Lung Surfactant Protein D on Mucosal Surfaces in Human Tissues J. Immunol., June 1, 2000; 164(11): 5866 - 5870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Wang, C. Ramos, I. Joshi, A. Zagariya, A. Pardo, M. Selman, and B. D. Uhal Human lung myofibroblast-derived inducers of alveolar epithelial apoptosis identified as angiotensin peptides Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 1999; 277(6): L1158 - L1164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Lausen, N. Lynch, A. Schlosser, I. Tornoe, S. G. Sakmose, B. Teisner, A. C. Willis, E. Crouch, W. Schwaeble, and U. Holmskov Microfibril-associated Protein 4 Is Present in Lung Washings and Binds to the Collagen Region of Lung Surfactant Protein D J. Biol. Chem., November 5, 1999; 274(45): 32234 - 32240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. C. Crouch Modulation of Host-Bacterial Interactions by Collectins Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., November 1, 1999; 21(5): 558 - 561. [Full Text]

				C. I. Restrepo, Q. Dong, J. Savov, W. I. Mariencheck, and J. R. Wright Surfactant Protein D Stimulates Phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Alveolar Macrophages Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., November 1, 1999; 21(5): 576 - 585. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				U. Holmskov, J. Mollenhauer, J. Madsen, L. Vitved, J. Gronlund, I. Tornoe, A. Kliem, K. B. M. Reid, A. Poustka, and K. Skjodt Cloning of gp-340, a putative opsonin receptor for lung surfactant protein D PNAS, September 14, 1999; 96(19): 10794 - 10799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. R. Lawson, V. C. Perkins, U. Holmskov, and K. B. M. Reid Genomic Organization of the Mouse Gene for Lung Surfactant Protein D Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., May 1, 1999; 20(5): 953 - 963. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				G.-Z. Cai, G. L. Griffin, R. M. Senior, W. J. Longmore, and M. A. Moxley Recombinant SP-D carbohydrate recognition domain is a chemoattractant for human neutrophils Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): L131 - L136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Tino and J. R. Wright Surfactant proteins A and D specifically stimulate directed actin-based responses in alveolar macrophages Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): L164 - L174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. C. Crouch Collectins and Pulmonary Host Defense Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., August 1, 1998; 19(2): 177 - 201. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				K. L. Hartshorn, E. Crouch, M. R. White, M. L. Colamussi, A. Kakkanatt, B. Tauber, V. Shepherd, and K. N. Sastry Pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D enhance neutrophil uptake of bacteria Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, June 1, 1998; 274(6): L958 - L969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Brown-Augsburger, K. Hartshorn, D. Chang, K. Rust, C. Fliszar, H. G. Welgus, and E. C. Crouch Site-directed Mutagenesis of Cys-15 and Cys-20 of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D. EXPRESSION OF A TRIMERIC PROTEIN WITH ALTERED ANTI-VIRAL PROPERTIES J. Biol. Chem., June 7, 1996; 271(23): 13724 - 13730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. C. Trask, M. J. Malone, E. H. Lum, H. G. Welgus, E. C. Crouch, and S. D. Shapiro Induction of Macrophage Matrix Metalloproteinase Biosynthesis by Surfactant Protein D J. Biol. Chem., October 5, 2001; 276(41): 37846 - 37852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]