Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Volume 19, Number 4, October, 1998 672-680

Induction of the Lung Myofibroblast PDGF Receptor System by Urban Ambient Particles from Mexico City

James C. Bonner, Annette B. Rice, Pamela M. Lindroos, Patricia O. O'Brien, Kevin L. Dreher, Irma Rosas, Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno, and Alvaro R. Osornio-Vargas

Airway Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Pulmonary Pathobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Division of Basic Investigation, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City; and Centers of Study for the Atmosphere, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor system regulate mesenchymal cell proliferation. We recently reported that emission-source fly-ash particles and asbestos fibers induce the PDGF -receptor through a macrophage-dependent pathway, and upregulation of this receptor greatly enhances the mitogenic response of lung myofibroblasts to PDGF (Lindroos and colleagues, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1997;16:283-292). In the present study we investigated the effect of particulate matter  10 µm in size (PM₁₀) from the southern, central, and northern regions of Mexico City on PDGF receptor induction and compared these urban, ambient particles with Mt. St. Helen's volcanic ash particles as a negative control. All Mexico City PM₁₀ samples, but not volcanic ash, stimulated rat alveolar macrophages to secrete a soluble, upregulatory factor(s) for the PDGF -receptor on early passage rat lung myofibroblasts. The macrophage-derived upregulatory activity was blocked by the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist. The ability of PM₁₀ to stimulate IL-1 release was blocked in part by a recombinant endotoxin neutralizing protein (rENP). Lipopolysaccharide/endotoxin (LPS) and vanadium, both constituents that were present within these PM₁₀ samples, also stimulated macrophages to secrete factor(s) that upregulated PDGF-R on lung myofibroblasts. Direct exposure of myofibroblasts to PM₁₀ also elicited upregulation of the PDGF -receptor, and this effect was blocked by rENP and mimicked by LPS, but not vanadium. These findings suggest that PM₁₀ particles induce expression of the PDGF receptor system through macrophage-dependent and -independent mechanisms involving endotoxin and metals.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Calderon-Garciduenas, A. Mora-Tiscareno, G. Gomez-Garza, M. D. C. Carrasco-Portugal, B. Perez-Guille, F. J. Flores-Murrieta, G. Perez-Guille, N. Osnaya, H. Juarez-Olguin, M. E. Monroy, et al. Effects of a Cyclooxygenase-2 Preferential Inhibitor in Young Healthy Dogs Exposed to Air Pollution: A Pilot Study Toxicol Pathol, August 1, 2009; 37(5): 644 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Calderon-Garciduenas, M. Macias-Parra, H. J. Hoffmann, G. Valencia-Salazar, C. Henriquez-Roldan, N. Osnaya, O. C.-d. Monte, G. Barragan-Mejia, R. Villarreal-Calderon, L. Romero, et al. Immunotoxicity and Environment: Immunodysregulation and Systemic Inflammation in Children Toxicol Pathol, February 1, 2009; 37(2): 161 - 169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Vuorinen, S. Ohlmeier, O. Lepparanta, K. Salmenkivi, M. Myllarniemi, and V. L. Kinnula Peroxiredoxin II Expression and Its Association With Oxidative Stress and Cell Proliferation in Human Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis J. Histochem. Cytochem., October 1, 2008; 56(10): 951 - 959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Calderon-Garciduenas, A. C. Solt, C. Henriquez-Roldan, R. Torres-Jardon, B. Nuse, L. Herritt, R. Villarreal-Calderon, N. Osnaya, I. Stone, R. Garcia, et al. Long-term Air Pollution Exposure Is Associated with Neuroinflammation, an Altered Innate Immune Response, Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Ultrafine Particulate Deposition, and Accumulation of Amyloid {beta}-42 and {alpha}-Synuclein in Children and Young Adults Toxicol Pathol, February 1, 2008; 36(2): 289 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Bonner Lung Fibrotic Responses to Particle Exposure Toxicol Pathol, January 1, 2007; 35(1): 148 - 153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Calderon-Garciduenas, M. Franco-Lira, R. Torres-Jardon, C. Henriquez-Roldan, G. Barragan-Mejia, G. Valencia-Salazar, A. Gonzalez-Maciel, R. Reynoso-Robles, R. Villarreal-Calderon, and W. Reed Pediatric Respiratory and Systemic Effects of Chronic Air Pollution Exposure: Nose, Lung, Heart, and Brain Pathology Toxicol Pathol, January 1, 2007; 35(1): 154 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H Tovalin, M Valverde, M T Morandi, S Blanco, L Whitehead, and E Rojas DNA damage in outdoor workers occupationally exposed to environmental air pollutants. Occup. Environ. Med., April 1, 2006; 63(4): 230 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Sundy, W. A. Wood, J. L. Watt, J. N. Kline, and D. A. Schwartz Safety of incremental inhaled lipopolysaccharide challenge in humans Innate Immunity, April 1, 2006; 12(2): 113 - 119. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. Calderon-Garciduenas, R. R. Maronpot, R. Torres-Jardon, C. Henriquez-Roldan, R. Schoonhoven, H. Acuna-Ayala, A. Villarreal-Calderon, J. Nakamura, R. Fernando, W. Reed, et al. DNA Damage in Nasal and Brain Tissues of Canines Exposed to Air Pollutants Is Associated with Evidence of Chronic Brain Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Toxicol Pathol, August 1, 2003; 31(5): 524 - 538. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Dai, C. Xie, and A. Churg Iron Loading Makes a Nonfibrogenic Model Air Pollutant Particle Fibrogenic In Rat Tracheal Explants Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., June 1, 2002; 26(6): 685 - 693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Calderon-Garciduenas, B. Azzarelli, H. Acuna, R. Garcia, T. M. Gambling, N. Osnaya, S. Monroy, M. Del Rosario Tizapantzi, J. L. Carson, A. Villarreal-Calderon, et al. Air Pollution and Brain Damage Toxicol Pathol, April 1, 2002; 30(3): 373 - 389. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. A. Schwartz The role of TLR4 in endotoxin responsiveness in humans Innate Immunity, October 1, 2001; 7(5): 389 - 393. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. A. Schwartz, W. J. Christ, S. R. Kleeberger, and C. L. Wohlford-Lenane Inhibition of LPS-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation by LPS antagonists Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2001; 280(4): L771 - L778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Schwartz Does Inhalation of Endotoxin Cause Asthma? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2001; 163(2): 305 - 306. [Full Text]

				C. L. S. George, H. Jin, C. L. Wohlford-Lenane, M. E. O'Neill, J. C. Phipps, P. O'Shaughnessy, J. N. Kline, P. S. Thorne, and D. A. Schwartz Endotoxin responsiveness and subchronic grain dust-induced airway disease Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 2001; 280(2): L203 - L213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Moreland, R. M. Fuhrman, C. L. Wohlford-Lenane, T. J. Quinn, E. Benda, J. A. Pruessner, and D. A. Schwartz TNF-{alpha} and IL-1{beta} are not essential to the inflammatory response in LPS-induced airway disease Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 2001; 280(1): L173 - L180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-Z. Wang and J. C. Bonner Mechanism of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK)-1 and ERK-2 Activation by Vanadium Pentoxide in Rat Pulmonary Myofibroblasts Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., May 1, 2000; 22(5): 590 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. C. Bonner, A. B. Rice, C. R. Moomaw, and D. L. Morgan Airway fibrosis in rats induced by vanadium pentoxide Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 2000; 278(1): L209 - L216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Churg, B. Gilks, and J. Dai Induction of fibrogenic mediators by fine and ultrafine titanium dioxide in rat tracheal explants Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, November 1, 1999; 277(5): L975 - L982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]