Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Volume 23, Number 2, August, 2000 146-153

Production of the Acute-Phase Protein Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein by Respiratory Type II Epithelial Cells
Implications for Local Defense to Bacterial Endotoxins

Mieke A. Dentener, Anita C. E. Vreugdenhil, Peter H. M. Hoet, Juanita H. J. Vernooy, Fred H. M. Nieman, Didier Heumann, Yvonne M. W. Janssen, Wim A. Buurman, and Emiel F. M. Wouters

Departments of Pulmonology and Surgery, Maastricht University; Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Pneumology, Unit of Lung Toxicology, K.U. Leuven, Belgium; Division of Infectious Diseases, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont

This study demonstrates for the first time that respiratory epithelial cells are able to produce the acute phase protein lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP), which is known to play a central role in the defense to bacterial endotoxins (or LPS). Indications for local presence of LBP in human lung was obtained via reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction that showed LBP messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Therefore, LBP production by the human lung epithelial cell line A549, a human adenocarcinoma with features of type II pneumocytes, was studied. These cells produced LBP in response to interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- , a response that was strongly enhanced by dexamethasone. In addition, LBP mRNA was detected in A549 cells, in increasing amounts as a result of stimulation. The pattern of cytokine-induced LBP production in A549 cells was similar to the pattern in the human liver epithelial cell line HuH-7. Moreover, the molecular weight of A549-derived LBP was approximately 60 kD, which is similar to HuH-7-derived LBP. Biologic activity of LBP produced by A549 cells was evaluated on the basis of its ability to interact with LPS. Further indications that type II alveolar epithelial cells are able to produce LBP were obtained from the observations that the murine lung type II epithelial cell line C10 produced murine LBP, and that isolated human primary type II pneumocytes expressed LBP mRNA, which was enhanced after stimulation of cells. The local production of this endotoxin binding protein by lung epithelial cells might contribute to a highly specific response at the site of exposure to bacteria and bacterial endotoxins.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Knapp, S. von Aulock, M. Leendertse, I. Haslinger, C. Draing, D. T. Golenbock, and T. van der Poll Lipoteichoic Acid-Induced Lung Inflammation Depends on TLR2 and the Concerted Action of TLR4 and the Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor J. Immunol., March 1, 2008; 180(5): 3478 - 3484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Chien, M. J. Boeckh, J. A. Hansen, and J. G. Clark Lipopolysaccharide binding protein promoter variants influence the risk for Gram-negative bacteremia and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation Blood, February 15, 2008; 111(4): 2462 - 2469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Kitz, M. A. Rose, A. Borgmann, R. Schubert, and S. Zielen Systemic and bronchial inflammation following LPS inhalation in asthmatic and healthy subjects Innate Immunity, December 1, 2006; 12(6): 367 - 374. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Mueller, C. Stamme, C. Draing, T. Hartung, U. Seydel, and A. B. Schromm Cell Activation of Human Macrophages by Lipoteichoic Acid Is Strongly Attenuated by Lipopolysaccharide-binding Protein J. Biol. Chem., October 20, 2006; 281(42): 31448 - 31456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. O. Duan and P. J. Simpson-Haidaris Cell Type-specific Differential Induction of the Human {gamma}-Fibrinogen Promoter by Interleukin-6 J. Biol. Chem., May 5, 2006; 281(18): 12451 - 12457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Knapp, S. Florquin, D. T. Golenbock, and T. van der Poll Pulmonary Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Binding Protein Inhibits the LPS-Induced Lung Inflammation In Vivo. J. Immunol., March 1, 2006; 176(5): 3189 - 3195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. R. Martin and C. W. Frevert Innate Immunity in the Lungs Proceedings of the ATS, December 1, 2005; 2(5): 403 - 411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. W.J. Schroder and R. R. Schumann Non-LPS targets and actions of LPS binding protein (LBP) Innate Immunity, August 1, 2005; 11(4): 237 - 242. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. W. McMichael, A. Roghanian, L. Jiang, R. Ramage, and J.-M. Sallenave The Antimicrobial Antiproteinase Elafin Binds to Lipopolysaccharide and Modulates Macrophage Responses Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., May 1, 2005; 32(5): 443 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. F. M. Wouters Local and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Proceedings of the ATS, April 1, 2005; 2(1): 26 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Branger, S. Florquin, S. Knapp, J. C. Leemans, J. M. Pater, P. Speelman, D. T. Golenbock, and T. van der Poll LPS-binding protein-deficient mice have an impaired defense against Gram-negative but not Gram-positive pneumonia Int. Immunol., November 1, 2004; 16(11): 1605 - 1611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. W. J. Schroder, H. Heine, C. Alexander, M. Manukyan, J. Eckert, L. Hamann, U. B. Gobel, and R. R. Schumann Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein Binds to Triacylated and Diacylated Lipopeptides and Mediates Innate Immune Responses J. Immunol., August 15, 2004; 173(4): 2683 - 2691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Dave, T. Childs, and J. A. Whitsett Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Regulates Transcription of the Surfactant Protein D Gene (Sftpd) via Direct Interaction with Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 in Lung Epithelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 13, 2004; 279(33): 34578 - 34588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Khovidhunkit, M.-S. Kim, R. A. Memon, J. K. Shigenaga, A. H. Moser, K. R. Feingold, and C. Grunfeld Thematic review series: The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism mechanisms and consequences to the host J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2004; 45(7): 1169 - 1196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. De Smedt, E. Vanderlinden, C. Demanet, M. De Waele, A. Goossens, and M. Noppen Characterisation of pleural inflammation occurring after primary spontaneous pneumothorax Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2004; 23(6): 896 - 900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Beck-Schimmer, R.C. Schimmer, and T. Pasch The Airway Compartment: Chambers of Secrets Physiology, June 1, 2004; 19(3): 129 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Bals and P.S. Hiemstra Innate immunity in the lung: how epithelial cells fight against respiratory pathogens Eur. Respir. J., February 1, 2004; 23(2): 327 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-H. Lee, L. Del Sorbo, S. Uhlig, G. A. Porro, T. Whitehead, S. Voglis, M. Liu, A. S. Slutsky, and H. Zhang Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Mediates Cellular Cross-Talk between Parenchymal and Immune Cells after Lipopolysaccharide Neutralization J. Immunol., January 1, 2004; 172(1): 608 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Ahmad, D. L. Bayley, S. He, and R. A. Stockley Myeloid Related Protein-8/14 Stimulates Interleukin-8 Production in Airway Epithelial Cells Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., October 1, 2003; 29(4): 523 - 530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. D. Bannerman, M. J. Paape, W. R. Hare, and E. J. Sohn Increased Levels of LPS-Binding Protein in Bovine Blood and Milk Following Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Challenge J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2003; 86(10): 3128 - 3137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Stamme, M. Muller, L. Hamann, T. Gutsmann, and U. Seydel Surfactant Protein A Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immune Cell Activation by Preventing the Interaction of Lipopolysaccharide with Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., September 1, 2002; 27(3): 353 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Rylander Review: Endotoxin in the environment -- exposure and effects Innate Immunity, August 1, 2002; 8(4): 241 - 252. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Fierer, M. A. Swancutt, D. Heumann, and D. Golenbock The Role of Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein in Resistance to Salmonella Infections in Mice J. Immunol., June 15, 2002; 168(12): 6396 - 6403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Beck-Schimmer, C. Madjdpour, S. Kneller, U. Ziegler, T. Pasch, R.P. Wuthrich, P.A. Ward, and R.C. Schimmer Role of alveolar epithelial ICAM-1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2002; 19(6): 1142 - 1150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. He and E. Crouch Surfactant Protein D Gene Regulation. INTERACTIONS AMONG THE CONSERVED CCAAT/ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEIN ELEMENTS J. Biol. Chem., May 24, 2002; 277(22): 19530 - 19537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. C. Riedemann, R.-F. Guo, V. J. Sarma, I. J. Laudes, M. Huber-Lang, R. L. Warner, E. A. Albrecht, C. L. Speyer, and P. A. Ward Expression and Function of the C5a Receptor in Rat Alveolar Epithelial Cells J. Immunol., February 15, 2002; 168(4): 1919 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Zweigner, H.-J. Gramm, O. C. Singer, K. Wegscheider, and R. R. Schumann High concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in serum of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock inhibit the lipopolysaccharide response in human monocytes Blood, December 15, 2001; 98(13): 3800 - 3808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Augusto, K. Le Blay, G. Auger, D. Blanot, and R. Chaby Interaction of bacterial lipopolysaccharide with mouse surfactant protein C inserted into lipid vesicles Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, October 1, 2001; 281(4): L776 - L785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. R. Strohmeier, J. H. Walsh, E. S. Klings, H. W. Farber, W. W. Cruikshank, D. M. Center, and M. J. Fenton Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein Potentiates Airway Reactivity in a Murine Model of Allergic Asthma J. Immunol., February 1, 2001; 166(3): 2063 - 2070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. R. Martin Recognition of Bacterial Endotoxin in the Lungs Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., August 1, 2000; 23(2): 128 - 132. [Full Text]