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Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Volume 26, Number 2, February, 2002 175-182

Role of NRF2 in Protection Against Hyperoxic Lung Injury in Mice

Hye-Youn Cho, Anne E. Jedlicka, Sekhar P. M. Reddy, Thomas W. Kensler, Masayuki Yamamoto, Liu-Yi Zhang, and Steven R. Kleeberger

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Japan

NRF2 is a transcription factor important in the protection against carcinogenesis and oxidative stress through antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcriptional activation of several phase 2 detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes. This study was designed to determine the role of NRF2 in the pathogenesis of hyperoxic lung injury by comparing pulmonary responses to 95-98% oxygen between mice with site-directed mutation of the gene for NRF2 (Nrf2-/-) and wild-type mice (Nrf2+/+). Pulmonary hyperpermeability, macrophage inflammation, and epithelial injury in Nrf2-/- mice were 7.6-fold, 47%, and 43% greater, respectively, compared with Nrf2+/+ mice after 72 h hyperoxia exposure. Hyperoxia markedly elevated the expression of NRF2 mRNA and DNA-binding activity of NRF2 in the lungs of Nrf2+/+ mice. mRNA expression for ARE- responsive lung antioxidant and phase 2 enzymes was evaluated in both genotypes of mice to identify potential downstream molecular mechanisms of NRF2 in hyperoxic lung responses. Hyperoxia-induced mRNA levels of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-Ya and -Yc subunits, UDP glycosyl transferase (UGT), glutathione peroxidase-2 (GPx2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were significantly lower in Nrf2-/- mice compared with Nrf2+/+ mice. Consistent with differential mRNA expression, NQO1 and total GST activities were significantly lower in Nrf2-/- mice compared with Nrf2+/+ mice after hyperoxia. Results demonstrated that NRF2 has a significant protective role against pulmonary hyperoxic injury in mice, possibly through transcriptional activation of lung antioxidant defense enzymes.

Abbreviations: antioxidant response element, ARE; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF; butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA; butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT; 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene, CDNB; alpha -dithiothreitol, DTT; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA; electrophoretic mobility shift assay, EMSA; flavine adenine dinucleotide, FAD; gamma -glutamate cystein ligase regulatory subunit, GCLS; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione-S-transferase, GST; N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N'-[2-ethanesulfonic acid, HEPES; tris buffered EDTA, TBE; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic, MOPS; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form, NADH; nuclear factor, erythroid 2, NF-E2; NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, NQO1; NF-E2-related factor 2, NRF2; ICR/Sv129 mice, Nrf2+/+; ICR/Sv129 mice with site-directed mutation in Nrf2, Nrf2-/-; polymorphonuclear leukocyte, PMN; phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, PMSF; polydeoxyinosinic-deoxycytidylic acid, polydI-dC; reactive oxygen species, ROS; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR; standard error of the mean, SEM; superoxide dismutase, SOD; UDP glycosyl transferase, UGT.




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J. Biol. Chem., November 28, 2003; 278(48): 48021 - 48029.
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J.-M. Lee, A. Y. Shih, T. H. Murphy, and J. A. Johnson
NF-E2-related Factor-2 Mediates Neuroprotection against Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitors and Increased Concentrations of Intracellular Calcium in Primary Cortical Neurons
J. Biol. Chem., September 26, 2003; 278(39): 37948 - 37956.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. J. Henderson and C. R. Wolf
Transgenic Analysis of Human Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Preclinical Drug Development and Toxicology
Mol. Interv., September 1, 2003; 3(6): 331 - 343.
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