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Upregulation of Interleukin-4 Receptor by Interferon-

Enhanced Interleukin-4–Induced Eotaxin-3 Production in Airway Epithelium

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan

Address correspondence to: Shuichi Yamamoto, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga-City, Saga 849-8501, Japan. E-mail: yamamot6{at}med.saga-u.ac.jp

Airway epithelial cells produce a number of chemokines, including eotaxins. Among the three known eotaxins, T helper (Th) type 2 cytokines have been observed to induce the expression of eotaxin-3 mRNA. This study investigated the effect of interferon (IFN)-, a Th1 cytokine, on Th2 cytokine–induced eotaxin-3 production in a bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. BEAS-2B cells produced eotaxin-3 after stimulation with the Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4. When BEAS-2B cells were cultured with varying concentrations of IFN- for 24 h, dose-dependent inhibition of Th2 cytokine–induced eotaxin-3 mRNA expression and protein production was observed. This was associated with downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 activation. On the other hand, 2-d pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with IFN- dose-dependently enhanced Th2 cytokine–induced eotaxin-3 mRNA expression and production. IFN- also increased the mRNA expression and protein production of IL-4 receptor (R) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, IL-2R, a component of the type 1 IL-4R, was also upregulated by IFN-. These results indicate that IFN- has opposite effects on Th2 cytokine–induced eotaxin-3 production in BEAS-2B cells, depending on the length of exposure. Because high levels of IFN- are produced during viral infection, airway viral infection may affect allergic airway inflammation in vivo by modulation of eotaxin-3 production.

Abbreviations: actinomycin D, ACD • cycloheximide, CHX • enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA • fetal bovine serum, FBS • common chain of interleukin-2 receptor, C • interferon, IFN • interleukin, IL • IL-4 receptor, IL-4R • mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK • nuclear factor-B, NF-B • phosphate-buffered saline, PBS • phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription, p-STAT • reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR • rhinovirus, RV • signal transducer and activator of transcription, STAT • T helper type, Th • tumor necrosis factor, TNF

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