help button home button
AJRCMB
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
Published ahead of print on January 31, 2003, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2002-0228OC

Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Volume 29, Number 1, July 2003, 88-97

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2003
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
2002-0228OCv1
29/1/88    most recent
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Tuder, R. M
Right arrow Articles by Flores, S. C
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Tuder, R. M
Right arrow Articles by Flores, S. C

Submitted on October 30, 2002
Revised on January 30, 2003

OXIDATIVE STRESS AND APOPTOSIS INTERACT AND CAUSE EMPHYSEMA DUE TO VEGF RECEPTOR BLOCKADE

Rubin M Tuder1*, Lijie Zhen2, Chung Y Cho2, Laima Taraseviciene-Stewart3, Yasunori Kasahara4, Daniela Salvemini5, Norbert F Voelkel3, and Sonia C Flores6

1 Pathology, Division of Cardiopulmonary Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; COPD Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA, 2 Pathology, Division of Cardiopulmonary Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, 3 Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA; COPD Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA, 4 Division of Respirology, Chiba Medical School, Chiba, Japan, 5 Mataphore Corp., Saint Louis, MO, USA, 6 Webb-Waring Institute, Denver, CO, USA; Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Rtuder{at}jhmi.edu.

We have previously demonstrated that a failure of pulmonary endothelial cell survival induced by VEGF receptor blockade results in lung alveolar septal cell apoptosis and emphysema. Since apoptosis and oxidative stress may be pathobiologically linked, we hypothesized that oxidative stress has a central role in alveolar septal cell apoptosis and emphysema induced by VEGF receptor blockade. When compared with control animals, rats treated with the VEGF receptor blocker SU5416 showed increased alveolar enlargement, alveolar septal cell apoptosis, and expression of markers of oxidative stress, all of which were prevented by the superoxide dismutase mimetic M40419. The preservation of lung structure in SU5416+M40419-treated lungs was associated with increased septal cell proliferation, and enhanced phosphorylation of the prosurvival and antiapoptotic Akt, when compared with SU5416-treated lungs. Consistent with a positive feedback interaction between oxidative stress and apoptosis, we found that apoptosis predominated in areas of oxidative stress and apoptosis blockade by a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor markedly reduced the expression of markers of oxidative stress induced by SU5416 treatment. Oxidative stress and apoptosis, which cause lung cellular destruction in emphysema induced by VEGF receptor blockade, may be important mediators common to human and experimental emphysema.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
W. MacNee and R. M. Tuder
New Paradigms in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I
Proceedings of the ATS, September 15, 2009; 6(6): 527 - 531.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
A. Le, R. Zielinski, C. He, M. T. Crow, S. Biswal, R. M. Tuder, and P. M. Becker
Pulmonary Epithelial Neuropilin-1 Deletion Enhances Development of Cigarette Smoke-induced Emphysema
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2009; 180(5): 396 - 406.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
R. J. Giordano, J. K. Edwards, R. M. Tuder, W. Arap, and R. Pasqualini
Combinatorial Ligand-directed Lung Targeting
Proceedings of the ATS, August 15, 2009; 6(5): 411 - 415.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
M. Podowski, C. L. Calvi, C. Cheadle, R. M. Tuder, S. Biswals, and E. R. Neptune
Complex Integration of Matrix, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Genetic Emphysema
Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2009; 175(1): 84 - 96.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
H. T. Hassoun, M. L. Lie, D. N. Grigoryev, M. Liu, R. M. Tuder, and H. Rabb
Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury induces caspase-dependent pulmonary apoptosis
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2009; 297(1): F125 - F137.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
T. R. Richens, D. J. Linderman, S. A. Horstmann, C. Lambert, Y.-Q. Xiao, R. L. Keith, D. M. Boe, K. Morimoto, R. P. Bowler, B. J. Day, et al.
Cigarette Smoke Impairs Clearance of Apoptotic Cells through Oxidant-dependent Activation of RhoA
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2009; 179(11): 1011 - 1021.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANGIOLOGYHome page
S. Nambiar, S. Viswanathan, B. Zachariah, N. Hanumanthappa, and Sridhar Gopalakrishna Magadi
Oxidative Stress in Prehypertension: Rationale for Antioxidant Clinical Trials
Angiology, April 1, 2009; 60(2): 221 - 234.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
Y. Chen, M. Hanaoka, P. Chen, Y. Droma, N. F. Voelkel, and K. Kubo
Protective effect of beraprost sodium, a stable prostacyclin analog, in the development of cigarette smoke extract-induced emphysema
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2009; 296(4): L648 - L656.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
E. Kurtagic, M. P. Jedrychowski, and M. A. Nugent
Neutrophil elastase cleaves VEGF to generate a VEGF fragment with altered activity
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 2009; 296(3): L534 - L546.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ther Adv Respir DisHome page
I. Rahman
Review: Antioxidant therapeutic advances in COPD
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, December 1, 2008; 2(6): 351 - 374.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
K. C. Verhein, D. B. Jacoby, and A. D. Fryer
IL-1 Receptors Mediate Persistent, but Not Acute, Airway Hyperreactivity to Ozone in Guinea Pigs
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., December 1, 2008; 39(6): 730 - 738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
R. J. Giordano, J. Lahdenranta, L. Zhen, U. Chukwueke, I. Petrache, R. R. Langley, I. J. Fidler, R. Pasqualini, R. M. Tuder, and W. Arap
Targeted Induction of Lung Endothelial Cell Apoptosis Causes Emphysema-like Changes in the Mouse
J. Biol. Chem., October 24, 2008; 283(43): 29447 - 29460.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ther Adv Respir DisHome page
A. Nadeem, A. Masood, and N. Siddiqui
Review: Oxidant--antioxidant imbalance in asthma: scientific evidence, epidemiological data and possible therapeutic options
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, August 1, 2008; 2(4): 215 - 235.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
I. Edirisinghe, S.-R. Yang, H. Yao, S. Rajendrasozhan, S. Caito, D. Adenuga, C. Wong, A. Rahman, R. P. Phipps, Z.-G. Jin, et al.
VEGFR-2 inhibition augments cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses leading to endothelial dysfunction
FASEB J, July 1, 2008; 22(7): 2297 - 2310.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
I. Petrache, T. R. Medler, A. T. Richter, K. Kamocki, U. Chukwueke, L. Zhen, Y. Gu, J. Adamowicz, K. S. Schweitzer, W. C. Hubbard, et al.
Superoxide dismutase protects against apoptosis and alveolar enlargement induced by ceramide
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): L44 - L53.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
M. E. De Paepe, S. Gundavarapu, U. Tantravahi, J. R. Pepperell, S. A. Haley, F. I. Luks, and Q. Mao
Fas-Ligand-Induced Apoptosis of Respiratory Epithelial Cells Causes Disruption of Postcanalicular Alveolar Development
Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2008; 173(1): 42 - 56.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
K. F. Chung and I. M. Adcock
Multifaceted mechanisms in COPD: inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair and destruction
Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2008; 31(6): 1334 - 1356.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
I Petrache, K Diab, K S Knox, H L Twigg III, R S Stephens, S Flores, and R M Tuder
HIV associated pulmonary emphysema: a review of the literature and inquiry into its mechanism
Thorax, May 1, 2008; 63(5): 463 - 469.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
P. M. Henson and R. M. Tuder
Apoptosis in the lung: induction, clearance and detection
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2008; 294(4): L601 - L611.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
H. Mori, T. Nose, K. Ishitani, S. Kasagi, S. Souma, T. Akiyoshi, Y. Kodama, T. Mori, M. Kondo, S. Sasaki, et al.
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor GPD-1116 markedly attenuates the development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in senescence-accelerated mice P1 strain
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): L196 - L204.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
L. M. Fabbri, F. Luppi, B. Beghe, and K. F. Rabe
Complex chronic comorbidities of COPD
Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2008; 31(1): 204 - 212.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
T. Yoshida and R. M. Tuder
Pathobiology of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Physiol Rev, July 1, 2007; 87(3): 1047 - 1082.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
V. Pinto-Plata, J. Toso, K. Lee, D. Park, J. Bilello, H. Mullerova, M. M De Souza, R. Vessey, and B. Celli
Profiling serum biomarkers in patients with COPD: associations with clinical parameters
Thorax, July 1, 2007; 62(7): 595 - 601.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
N. G. Verbout, J. K. Lorton, D. B. Jacoby, and A. D. Fryer
Atropine pretreatment enhances airway hyperreactivity in antigen-challenged guinea pigs through an eosinophil-dependent mechanism
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): L1126 - L1135.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
V. Bhandari, R. Choo-Wing, R. J. Homer, and J. A. Elias
Increased Hyperoxia-Induced Mortality and Acute Lung Injury in IL-13 Null Mice
J. Immunol., April 15, 2007; 178(8): 4993 - 5000.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol PatholHome page
J. L. Wright and A. Churg
Current Concepts in Mechanisms of Emphysema
Toxicol Pathol, January 1, 2007; 35(1): 111 - 115.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
R. M. Tuder, T. Yoshida, I. Fijalkowka, S. Biswal, and I. Petrache
Role of Lung Maintenance Program in the Heterogeneity of Lung Destruction in Emphysema
Proceedings of the ATS, November 1, 2006; 3(8): 673 - 679.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
L. Taraseviciene-Stewart, I. S. Douglas, P. S. Nana-Sinkam, J. D. Lee, R. M. Tuder, M. R. Nicolls, and N. F. Voelkel
Is Alveolar Destruction and Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease an Immune Disease?
Proceedings of the ATS, November 1, 2006; 3(8): 687 - 690.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
I. Petrache, I. Fijalkowska, T. R. Medler, J. Skirball, P. Cruz, L. Zhen, H. I. Petrache, T. R. Flotte, and R. M. Tuder
{alpha}-1 Antitrypsin Inhibits Caspase-3 Activity, Preventing Lung Endothelial Cell Apoptosis
Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2006; 169(4): 1155 - 1166.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
T. Sato, K. Seyama, Y. Sato, H. Mori, S. Souma, T. Akiyoshi, Y. Kodama, T. Mori, S. Goto, K. Takahashi, et al.
Senescence Marker Protein-30 Protects Mice Lungs from Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Smoking
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2006; 174(5): 530 - 537.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
A. Agusti
Thomas A. Neff Lecture. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systemic Disease
Proceedings of the ATS, August 1, 2006; 3(6): 478 - 481.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
R. M. Tuder, T. Yoshida, W. Arap, R. Pasqualini, and I. Petrache
State of the Art. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Alveolar Destruction in Emphysema: An Evolutionary Perspective
Proceedings of the ATS, August 1, 2006; 3(6): 503 - 510.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
I. Petrache, I. Fijalkowska, L. Zhen, T. R. Medler, E. Brown, P. Cruz, K.-H. Choe, L. Taraseviciene-Stewart, R. Scerbavicius, L. Shapiro, et al.
A Novel Antiapoptotic Role for {alpha}1-Antitrypsin in the Prevention of Pulmonary Emphysema
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2006; 173(11): 1222 - 1228.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
J. A. Marwick, C. S. Stevenson, J. Giddings, W. MacNee, K. Butler, I. Rahman, and P. A. Kirkham
Cigarette smoke disrupts VEGF165-VEGFR-2 receptor signaling complex in rat lungs and patients with COPD: morphological impact of VEGFR-2 inhibition
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): L897 - L908.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
N. F. Voelkel, R. W. Vandivier, and R. M. Tuder
Vascular endothelial growth factor in the lung
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): L209 - L221.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
S. Kasagi, K. Seyama, H. Mori, S. Souma, T. Sato, T. Akiyoshi, H. Suganuma, and Y. Fukuchi
Tomato juice prevents senescence-accelerated mouse P1 strain from developing emphysema induced by chronic exposure to tobacco smoke
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): L396 - L404.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
W. MacNee
Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Proceedings of the ATS, November 1, 2005; 2(4): 258 - 266.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
C. A. Owen
Proteinases and Oxidants as Targets in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Proceedings of the ATS, November 1, 2005; 2(4): 373 - 385.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
H. Kanazawa and J. Yoshikawa
Elevated Oxidative Stress and Reciprocal Reduction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels With Severity of COPD
Chest, November 1, 2005; 128(5): 3191 - 3197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ERRHome page
W. MacNee
Treatment of stable COPD: antioxidants
Eur. Respir. Rev., September 1, 2005; 14(94): 12 - 22.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
X. Peng, R.-E. E. Abdulnour, S. Sammani, S.-F. Ma, E. J. Han, E. J. Hasan, R. Tuder, J. G. N. Garcia, and P. M. Hassoun
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Contributes to Ventilator-induced Lung Injury
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2005; 172(4): 470 - 479.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
X. Liu, H. Conner, T. Kobayashi, H. Kim, F. Wen, S. Abe, Q. Fang, X. Wang, M. Hashimoto, P. Bitterman, et al.
Cigarette Smoke Extract Induces DNA Damage but Not Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., August 1, 2005; 33(2): 121 - 129.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
S. A. McGrath-Morrow, C. Cho, C. Cho, L. Zhen, D. J. Hicklin, and R. M. Tuder
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Blockade Disrupts Postnatal Lung Development
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., May 1, 2005; 32(5): 420 - 427.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
N. Voelkel and L. Taraseviciene-Stewart
Emphysema: An Autoimmune Vascular Disease?
Proceedings of the ATS, April 1, 2005; 2(1): 23 - 25.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
W. MacNee
Pulmonary and Systemic Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Proceedings of the ATS, April 1, 2005; 2(1): 50 - 60.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
L. Taraseviciene-Stewart, R. Scerbavicius, K.-H. Choe, M. Moore, A. Sullivan, M. R. Nicolls, A. P. Fontenot, R. M. Tuder, and N. F. Voelkel
An Animal Model of Autoimmune Emphysema
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2005; 171(7): 734 - 742.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
S. Q. Ye, B. A. Simon, J. P. Maloney, A. Zambelli-Weiner, L. Gao, A. Grant, R. B. Easley, B. J. McVerry, R. M. Tuder, T. Standiford, et al.
Pre-B-Cell Colony-enhancing Factor as a Potential Novel Biomarker in Acute Lung Injury
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2005; 171(4): 361 - 370.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
A R Kranenburg, W I de Boer, V K T Alagappan, P J Sterk, and H S Sharma
Enhanced bronchial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors (Flk-1 and Flt-1) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Thorax, February 1, 2005; 60(2): 106 - 113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
G D Perkins, J Roberts, D F McAuley, L Armstrong, A Millar, F Gao, and D R Thickett
Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioactivity in patients with acute lung injury
Thorax, February 1, 2005; 60(2): 153 - 158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
P. J. Barnes
Mediators of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2004; 56(4): 515 - 548.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
H. A. Golpon, C. D. Coldren, M. R. Zamora, G. P. Cosgrove, M. D. Moore, R. M. Tuder, M. W. Geraci, and N. F. Voelkel
Emphysema Lung Tissue Gene Expression Profiling
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., December 1, 2004; 31(6): 595 - 600.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
A. Spira, J. Beane, V. Pinto-Plata, A. Kadar, G. Liu, V. Shah, B. Celli, and J. S. Brody
Gene Expression Profiling of Human Lung Tissue from Smokers with Severe Emphysema
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., December 1, 2004; 31(6): 601 - 610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
X. Li, R. Shu, G. Filippatos, and B. D. Uhal
Apoptosis in lung injury and remodeling
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2004; 97(4): 1535 - 1542.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
K. Tang, H. B. Rossiter, P. D. Wagner, and E. C. Breen
Lung-targeted VEGF inactivation leads to an emphysema phenotype in mice
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2004; 97(4): 1559 - 1566.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
N. A. Molfino
Genetics of COPD
Chest, May 1, 2004; 125(5): 1929 - 1940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
N.F. Voelkel and C.D. Cool
Pulmonary vascular involvement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Eur. Respir. J., November 2, 2003; 22(46_suppl): 28s - 32s.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
K. Hemmrich, C. V. Suschek, G. Lerzynski, and V. Kolb-Bachofen
iNOS activity is essential for endothelial stress gene expression protecting against oxidative damage
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2003; 95(5): 1937 - 1946.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
Copyright © 2003 American Thoracic Society. 		  New Orleans Int'l Conf