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Published ahead of print on March 27, 2003, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2003-0034OC

Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Volume 29, Number 3, September 2003, 283-294

A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2003
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Submitted on February 3, 2003
Revised on March 20, 2003

Inducible expression of TIMP-resistant matrix metalloproteinase-9 on the cell surface of neutrophils

Caroline A Owen1*, Zhuma Hu2, Brooke Barrick2, and Steven D Shapiro1

1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, 2 Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cowen{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu.

MMP-9 secreted by activated PMN may play roles in mediating lung injury by degrading extracellular matrix proteins. However, the mechanisms by which MMP-9 retains activity in the presence of TIMPs are not known. We show that MMP-9 is also expressed on the cell surface of PMN, and pro-inflammatory mediators induce up to 10-fold increases in cell surface expression of MMP-9. Stimulated human PMN express active forms of cell surface MMP which cleave the MMP substrate, McaPLGLDpaAR. Loss-of-function studies employing PMN from mice genetically deficient in MMP-9 (MMP-9-/-) demonstrate that membrane-bound MMP-9 contributes substantially to MMP-mediated surface-bound cleavage of McaPLGLDpaAR (~50%)and gelatin (~70%) by stimulated PMN. Like soluble MMP-9, membrane-bound MMP-9 cleaves McaPLGLDpaAR (kcat/kM = 82,000 M-1s-1), gelatin, type IV collagen, elastin and {alpha}1-proteinase inhibitor. However, in contrast to soluble MMP-9, membrane-bound MMP-9 is substantially resistant to inhibition by TIMPs. The IC50 for inhibition of membrane-bound MMP-9 by TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are ~21-fold and ~68-fold higher, respectively, than those for inhibition of soluble MMP-9. The binding of MMP-9 to the plasma membrane of PMN enables it to evade inhibition by TIMPs, and thereby may alter the pericellular proteolytic balance in favor of extracellular matrix degradation. Membrane-bound MMP-9 on PMN may play pathogenetic roles in inflammatory lung diseases.




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