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Published ahead of print on April 17, 2003, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2003-0063OC

Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Volume 29, Number 3, September 2003, 397-404

A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2003
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Submitted on February 26, 2003
Revised on April 15, 2003

SMAD3 MEDIATES TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR {beta} INDUCED {alpha}-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN EXPRESSION

Biao Hu1, Zhe Wu1, and Sem H Phan1*

1 Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: shphan{at}umich.edu.

Transforming growth factor {beta} (TGF{beta}) induced {alpha}-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) expression is a key indicator of myofibroblast differentiation from fibroblasts. Recent studies suggest a TGF{beta} control element (TCE) is important in the regulation of the ASMA gene promoter by TGF{beta}. In this study, the role of Smad3, a key component of the Smad pathway that mediates TGF{beta} signaling in regulation of ASMA gene expression is investigated. All members of the Smad family were expressed in rat lung fibroblasts, and Smad3 expression was elevated upon TGF{beta}1 treatment. Transfection with a Smad3 expressing plasmid markedly increased Smad3 and ASMA protein expression, while transfection with an anti-sense Smad3 plasmid suppressed Smad3 and ASMA expression. Similar effects were noted when the cloned rat ASMA promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct was used to monitor transcriptional activation of the ASMA gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNA affinity precipitation indicated Smad3 binding to at least two regions of the promoter containing CAGA motifs, termed Smad3 binding elements (SBEs). Mutation of one of the SBEs decreased promoter activity significantly, indicative of a functional role for this SBE. Taken together these findings suggest a role for Smad3 in TGF{beta} regulation of ASMA gene expression in myofibroblast differentiation.




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