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Published ahead of print on April 29, 2004, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2003-0319OC

Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Volume 31, Number 3, September 2004, 276-282

A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2004
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Submitted on August 28, 2003
Revised on April 28, 2004

HIMF has anti-apoptotic action and is upregulated in developing lung: co-expression with HIF-2{alpha}

Klaus F Wagner1, Ann-Katrin Hellberg1, Susan Balenger2, Reinhard Depping2, Jeffrey Dodd-O2, Roger A Johns2, and Dechun Li2*

1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany, 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dechunli{at}jhmi.edu.

Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF), also called FIZZ1 or RELM{alpha} was a newly found cytokine. Hypoxia caused robust HIMF induction in the lung and HIMF has potent pulmonary vasoconstrictive, proliferative and angiogenic properties. To investigate the role of HIMF in lung development, we determined its spatial and temporal expression. From embryonic day 16 (E16) to postnatal day 28 (P28), HIMF was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of bronchial epithelial cells, type II cells, endothelial cells, and primitive mesenchymal cells. Treatment with HIMF resulted in a significant reduction of apoptosis in cultured embryonic lung, thus revealing a previously unknown function of HIMF. Since HIMF gene is up-regulated by hypoxia and contains a hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) binding site we subsequently investigated whether HIMF was co-expressed with HIF-2{alpha} or HIF-1 {alpha}. HIF-1{alpha} expression was temporally distinct from HIMF expression. In contrast, HIF-2{alpha} was present in endothelial cells, bronchial epithelial and type II cells from E18 to P28. Thus, HIMF and HIF-2{alpha} were temporally and spatially co-expressed in the developing lung. These results indicate a role for HIMF in lung development, possibly under the control of HIF-2, and suggest that HIMF regulates apoptosis and may participate in lung alveolarization and maturation.




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