Published ahead of print on October 24, 2003, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2003-0351OC Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Volume 30, Number 5, May 2004, 694-701 A more recent version of this article appeared on May 1, 2004
Submitted on September 26, 2003 Surfactant in newborn compared to adolescent pigs: adaptation to neonatal respirationGunnar A Rau1,1 Pediatric Pulmonology and Neonatology, Childrens' Hospital, Hannover, Germany, 2 Pediatric Surgery, Childrens' Hospital, Hannover, Germany, 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC-Faculty, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 4 Neonatology, Childrens' Hospital, Tubingen, Germany * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wolfgang.bernhard{at}med.uni-tuebingen.de.
Surfactant composition and function differ between vertebrates, depending on pulmonary anatomy and respiratory physiology. Since pulmonary development in pigs is similar to that in humans, we investigated surface tension function, composition of phospholipid molecular species and concentrations of SP-A to D in term newborn (NP) compared to adolescent pigs (AP), using the pulsating bubble surfactometer, mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography and immunoblot techniques (IT). NP was more potent than AP surfactant in reaching minimal surface tension values near zero mN/m. While SP-A and SP-D were comparable, SP-B and SP-C were increased 3 to 4 fold in NP surfactant. Moreover, fluidizing phospholipids such as palmitoylmyristoyl-PC (PC16:0/14:0) and palmitoylpalmitoleoyl-PC (PC16:0/16:1) were increased at the expense of PC16:0/16:0 (32.4±0.6 vs. 44.5±3.2%, respectively). While concentrations of total anionic phospholipids were similar in NP and AP surfactant (9.9±0.3 and 12.0±0.3%, respectively), phosphatidylinositol was the predominant anionic phospholipid in NP surfactant. We conclude that, compared to AP, NP surfactant displays better surface tension function under dynamic conditions, which is associated with increased concentrations of SP-B and SP-C as well as fluidizing phospholipids at the expense of PC16:0/16:0.
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