Published ahead of print on February 10, 2006, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2004-0389OC Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., Volume 34, Number 6, June 2006, 727-737 A more recent version of this article appeared on June 1, 2006
Submitted on December 7, 2004 Gene Induction during Differentiation of Human Pulmonary Type II Cells In VitroKelly C Wade1,1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2 Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ballardp{at}email.chop.edu.
Mature alveolar type II cells that produce pulmonary surfactant are essential for adaptation to extrauterine life. We profiled gene expression in human fetal lung epithelial cells cultured in serum-free medium containing dexamethasone and cAMP, a treatment that induces differentiation of type II cells. Microarray analysis identified 388 genes that were induced >1.5-fold by 72 h hormone treatment. Induced genes represented all categories of molecular function and subcellular location with increased frequency in the categories of ionic channel, cell adhesion, surface film, lysosome, extracellular matrix and basement membrane. In time course experiments, self organizing map analysis identified a cluster of 17 genes that were slowly but highly induced (5- to ~190-fold) and represented 4 functional categories: surfactant-related (SFTPC, SFTPA, PGC, SFTPB, LAMP3, LPL), regulatory (WIF2, IGF2, IL1RL1, NR4A2, HIF3A), metabolic (MAOA, ADH1B, SEPP1), and transport (SCNN1A, CLDN18, AQP4). Induction of both mRNA and protein for these genes, which included 9 newly identified regulated genes, was confirmed, and cellular localization was determined in both fetal and postnatal tissue. Induction of LAMP3 required both hormones and expression was localized to limiting membranes of lamellar bodies. Hormone-induced differentiation of human type II cells is associated with genome-wide increased expression of genes with diverse functions.
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