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Published ahead of print on March 27, 2003, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2002-0189OC
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American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 29, pp. 273-282, 2003
© 2003 American Thoracic Society
DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2002-0189OC

Characterization of {alpha}-Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide–Sensitive Fusion Attachment Protein in Alveolar Type II Cells

Implications in Lung Surfactant Secretion

Barack O. Abonyo, Pengcheng Wang, Telugu A. Narasaraju, William H. Rowan, III, David H. McMillan, Un-Jin Zimmerman and Lin Liu

Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Address correspondence to: Lin Liu, Ph.D., Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078. E-mail: liulin{at}okstate.edu

N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and soluble NSF attachment protein ({alpha}-SNAP) are thought to be soluble factors that transiently bind and disassemble SNAP receptor complex during exocytosis in neuronal and endocrine cells. Lung surfactant is secreted via exocytosis of lamellar bodies from alveolar epithelial type II cells. However, the secretion of lung surfactant is a relatively slow process, and involvement of SNAP receptor and its cofactors (NSF and {alpha}-SNAP) in this process has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated a possible role of {alpha}-SNAP in surfactant secretion. {alpha}-SNAP was predominantly associated with the membranes in alveolar type II cells as determined by Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis using confocal microscope. Membrane-associated {alpha}-SNAP was not released from the membrane fraction when the cells were lyzed in the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+ATP. The alkaline condition (0.1 M Na2CO3, pH 12), known to extract peripheral membrane proteins also failed to release it from the membrane. Phase separation using Triton X-114 showed that {alpha}-SNAP partitioned into both aqueous and detergent phases. NSF had membrane-bound characteristics similar to {alpha}-SNAP in type II cells. Permeabilization of type II cells with ß-escin resulted in a partial loss of {alpha}-SNAP from the cells, but cellular NSF was relatively unchanged. Addition of exogenous {alpha}-SNAP to the permeabilized cells increased surfactant secretion in a dose-dependent manner, whereas exogenous NSF has much less effects. An {alpha}-SNAP antisense oligonucleotide decreased its protein level and inhibited surfactant secretion. Our results suggest a role of {alpha}-SNAP in lung surfactant secretion.

Abbreviations: fetal bovine serum, FBS • fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC • minimum essential medium, MEM • N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive fusion protein, NSF • phosphate-buffered saline, PBS • soluble NSF attachment protein, SNAP • SNAP receptor, SNARE • Tris-buffered saline, TBS




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